質問者が納得300超の設定がなかったので付け加えています。
範囲を選択後、マクロ実行です。
Sub test()
For Each c In Selection
Select Case c.Value
Case 0
c.Interior.Color = vbWhite
Case Is <= 100
c.Interior.Color = vbCyan
Case Is <= 200
c.Interior.Color = vbYellow
Case Is <= 300
c.Interior.Color =...